Papers and research

The Reasonable Grounds Model (RGM) is founded on published research and case-based analysis that bridges maritime law, vessel operations, and evidentiary reasoning. It is the product of a progressive body of work developed over two decades of research, practice, and arbitration experience. The following publications form the foundational basis for the proposed methodology and substantiate the shift from conventional 'good weather-only' analysis to a comprehensive, probabilistic framework incorporating technical, legal, and evidentiary reforms.


The following summaries of key publications offer insight into the development of the model and its application in real-world charterparty disputes:

Foundation & Context

Papers & Research

Douglas Parts I–II and UPC Parts I–V. Detailed legal and methodological foundation for performance claims and defences.

Douglas: A Tendentious Debate (Part I)

PDF | 427KB

Douglas: A Tendentious Debate (Part I)

PDF | 427KB

Douglas: A Tendentious Debate (Part I)

PDF | 427KB

Douglas: A Tendentious Debate (Part I)

PDF | 427KB

Douglas: A Tendentious Debate (Part I)

PDF | 427KB

Douglas: Wave Height (Part II)

PDF | 307KB

Douglas: Wave Height (Part II)

PDF | 307KB

Douglas: Wave Height (Part II)

PDF | 307KB

Douglas: Wave Height (Part II)

PDF | 307KB

Douglas: Wave Height (Part II)

PDF | 307KB

UPC Part I ICMA XVIII Vancouver 2012

PDF | 169KB

UPC Part I ICMA XVIII Vancouver 2012

PDF | 169KB

UPC Part I ICMA XVIII Vancouver 2012

PDF | 169KB

UPC Part I ICMA XVIII Vancouver 2012

PDF | 169KB

UPC Part I ICMA XVIII Vancouver 2012

PDF | 169KB

UPC Part II ICMA XX Hong Kong 2015

PDF | 286KB

UPC Part II ICMA XX Hong Kong 2015

PDF | 286KB

UPC Part II ICMA XX Hong Kong 2015

PDF | 286KB

UPC Part II ICMA XX Hong Kong 2015

PDF | 286KB

UPC Part II ICMA XX Hong Kong 2015

PDF | 286KB

UPC Part III ICMA XXI Rio de Janerio 2020

PDF | 338KB

UPC Part III ICMA XXI Rio de Janerio 2020

PDF | 338KB

UPC Part III ICMA XXI Rio de Janerio 2020

PDF | 338KB

UPC Part III ICMA XXI Rio de Janerio 2020

PDF | 338KB

UPC Part III ICMA XXI Rio de Janerio 2020

PDF | 338KB

UPC Part IV ICMA XXII Dubai 2023

PDF | 1.06MB

UPC Part IV ICMA XXII Dubai 2023

PDF | 1.06MB

UPC Part IV ICMA XXII Dubai 2023

PDF | 1.06MB

UPC Part IV ICMA XXII Dubai 2023

PDF | 1.06MB

UPC Part IV ICMA XXII Dubai 2023

PDF | 1.06MB

UPC PartV, Ver.2 Peer review draft 31.07.25

PDF | 467KB

UPC PartV, Ver.2 Peer review draft 31.07.25

PDF | 467KB

UPC PartV, Ver.2 Peer review draft 31.07.25

PDF | 467KB

UPC PartV, Ver.2 Peer review draft 31.07.25

PDF | 467KB

UPC PartV, Ver.2 Peer review draft 31.07.25

PDF | 467KB

Methodology Overview

Summary bridging the research papers and practical demonstrations, explaining how the RGM methodology works in practice.

Methodology Overview

PDF | 47KB

Methodology Overview

PDF | 47KB

Methodology Overview

PDF | 47KB

Methodology Overview

PDF | 47KB

Methodology Overview

PDF | 47KB

Critique of WRC Involvement

Neutral overview of weather routing companies’ role in performance claims, with focus on independence and compliance.

Critique on WRC Involvement

PDF | 51KB

Critique on WRC Involvement

PDF | 51KB

Critique on WRC Involvement

PDF | 51KB

Critique on WRC Involvement

PDF | 51KB

Critique on WRC Involvement

PDF | 51KB

Accuracy of Hindcast Data

Technical background on reliability, limitations, and appropriate use of hindcast weather datasets.

Accuracy of Hindcast Data filled

PDF | 61KB

Accuracy of Hindcast Data filled

PDF | 61KB

Accuracy of Hindcast Data filled

PDF | 61KB

Accuracy of Hindcast Data filled

PDF | 61KB

Accuracy of Hindcast Data filled

PDF | 61KB

Legal & Compliance Framework

Logbooks, Accuracy, and Compliance

Outlines SOLAS, STCW, and flag-state legal obligations on accurate record-keeping.

Logbooks Accuracy and Compliance

PDF | 54KB

Logbooks Accuracy and Compliance

PDF | 54KB

Logbooks Accuracy and Compliance

PDF | 54KB

Logbooks Accuracy and Compliance

PDF | 54KB

Logbooks Accuracy and Compliance

PDF | 54KB

Data Integrity & Evidence Handling Guide

Best practices for preserving evidential strength of voyage performance data.

RGM Data Integrity FAQs Arbitration Clause

PDF | 48KB

RGM Data Integrity FAQs Arbitration Clause

PDF | 48KB

RGM Data Integrity FAQs Arbitration Clause

PDF | 48KB

RGM Data Integrity FAQs Arbitration Clause

PDF | 48KB

RGM Data Integrity FAQs Arbitration Clause

PDF | 48KB

Model Arbitration Clause

Suggested charterparty clause to adopt the RGM methodology for resolving performance disputes.

Model Arbitration Clause

PDF | 34KB

Model Arbitration Clause

PDF | 34KB

Model Arbitration Clause

PDF | 34KB

Model Arbitration Clause

PDF | 34KB

Model Arbitration Clause

PDF | 34KB

Practical Tools for Applying RGM

Performance Claim Checklist

Step-by-step guide to ensure all necessary data is provided for an RGM assessment.

RGM Performance Claim Checklist

PDF | 54KB

RGM Performance Claim Checklist

PDF | 54KB

RGM Performance Claim Checklist

PDF | 54KB

RGM Performance Claim Checklist

PDF | 54KB

RGM Performance Claim Checklist

PDF | 54KB

Good Practice Guide for Voyage Data

Proactive measures for recording and preserving accurate voyage data.

RGM Good Practice Guide

PDF | 48KB

RGM Good Practice Guide

PDF | 48KB

RGM Good Practice Guide

PDF | 48KB

RGM Good Practice Guide

PDF | 48KB

RGM Good Practice Guide

PDF | 48KB

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

One-page visual summary of the RGM methodology: inputs, process, outputs.

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

PDF | 47KB

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

PDF | 47KB

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

PDF | 47KB

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

PDF | 47KB

RGM Quick Reference Sheet

PDF | 47KB

Comparative & Demonstrative Materials

Sample RGM Guru Report (Anonymised)

Example report showing structure, graphs, and conclusions produced by RGM Guru.

Sample RGM Report and Comparison

PDF | 53KB

Sample RGM Report and Comparison

PDF | 53KB

Sample RGM Report and Comparison

PDF | 53KB

Sample RGM Report and Comparison

PDF | 53KB

Sample RGM Report and Comparison

PDF | 53KB

Comparison Table: WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

Side-by-side view of methodology, compliance, and output differences.

Comparison- WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

PDF | 35KB

Comparison- WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

PDF | 35KB

Comparison- WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

PDF | 35KB

Comparison- WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

PDF | 35KB

Comparison- WRC Report vs. RGM Guru Report

PDF | 35KB

Case Study (Anonymised) – PANAMAX TRADER

Demonstrates the RGM methodology applied in practice to a real voyage (all identifiers removed).

Case Study PANAMAX TRADER

PDF | 67KB

Case Study PANAMAX TRADER

PDF | 67KB

Case Study PANAMAX TRADER

PDF | 67KB

Case Study PANAMAX TRADER

PDF | 67KB

Case Study PANAMAX TRADER

PDF | 67KB

Future research

Future research will focus on:


  • AI-driven pattern recognition in voyage data

  • Legal acceptability of probabilistic performance models

  • Dashboard visualisation standards for arbitral evidence


Papers are available upon request from info@rgmguru.com or by logging into the member area (coming soon).

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The dashboard is currently under advanced development. Its aim is to complement the RGM methodology by providing a robust and intuitive visual platform for comprehending vessel performance disputes.

Sign up to receive updates

The dashboard is currently under advanced development. Its aim is to complement the RGM methodology by providing a robust and intuitive visual platform for comprehending vessel performance disputes.

Sign up to receive updates

The dashboard is currently under advanced development. Its aim is to complement the RGM methodology by providing a robust and intuitive visual platform for comprehending vessel performance disputes.

Sign up to receive updates

The dashboard is currently under advanced development. Its aim is to complement the RGM methodology by providing a robust and intuitive visual platform for comprehending vessel performance disputes.

Sign up to receive updates

The dashboard is currently under advanced development. Its aim is to complement the RGM methodology by providing a robust and intuitive visual platform for comprehending vessel performance disputes.